It also is seen as "stretching the truth" or making something appear more powerful, meaningful, or real than it is. An exaggeration occurs when the most fundamental aspects of a statement are true, but only to a certain degree.Disinformation is intentionally false or misleading information that is spread in a calculated way to deceive target audiences.Skillful deflectors are passive-aggressive, who when confronted with the subject choose to ignore and not respond.
When attention is given to the subject the lie is based around, deflectors ignore or refuse to respond. To deflect is to avoid the subject that the lie is about, not giving attention to the lie.Defamation is the communication of a false statement that harms the reputation of an individual person, business, product, group, government, religion, or nation.This should not be confused with confirmation bias in which the deceiver is deceiving themselves. For example, to claim that a premeditated lie was really "only" an emergency lie, or to claim that a self-serving lie was really "only" a white lie or noble lie. One may deny a lie made on a previous occasion, or alternatively, one may claim that a previous lie was not as egregious as it was. A cover-up may be used to deny, defend, or obfuscate a lie, errors, embarrassing actions, or lifestyle, and/or lie(s) made previously.Ī motivational poster about lying declares "An ostrich only thinks he 'covers up'" Thus, bullshit may be either true or false, but demonstrates a lack of concern for the truth that is likely to lead to falsehoods. While a lie is related by a speaker who believes what is said is false, bullshit is offered by a speaker who does not care whether what is said is true because the speaker is more concerned with giving the hearer some impression. Bullshit (also B.S., bullcrap, bull) does not necessarily have to be a complete fabrication.In these situations, deception is acceptable and is commonly expected as a tactic. For instance, gamblers who deceive other players into thinking they have different cards to those they really hold, or athletes who hint that they will move left and then dodge right are not considered to be lying (also known as a feint or juke). Bluffing is an act of deception that is rarely seen as immoral when it takes place in the context of a game, such as poker, where this kind of deception is consented to in advance by the players. To bluff is to pretend to have a capability or intention one does not possess.An April fool is a lie or hoax told/performed on April Fools' Day.This differs from the blue wall of silence in that a blue lie is not an omission but a stated falsehood.
The origin of the term "blue lie" is possibly from cases where police officers made false statements to protect the police force, or to ensure the success of a legal case against an accused. A blue lie is a form of lying that is told purportedly to benefit a collective or "in the name of the collective good".They are usually told when others gain nothing, and the sole purpose is either to get oneself out of trouble (reducing harm against oneself), or to gain something one desires (increasing benefits for oneself). A black lie is about simple and callous selfishness.When the lie is of sufficient magnitude it may succeed, due to the victim's reluctance to believe that an untruth on such a grand scale would indeed be concocted. A big lie is one that attempts to trick the victim into believing something major, which will likely be contradicted by some information the victim already possesses, or by their common sense.A barefaced, bald-faced or bold-faced lie is an impudent, brazen, shameless, flagrant, or audacious lie that is sometimes but not always undisguised and that it is even then not always obvious to those hearing it.
People don't always check incoming assertions against their memory. More generally, people's ability to make true judgments is affected by biases towards accepting incoming information and interpreting feelings as evidence of truth. not making eye contact, fidgeting, stuttering) research indicates that people overestimate both the significance of such cues and their ability to make accurate judgements about deception. Generally, the term "lie" carries a negative connotation, and depending on the context a person who communicates a lie may be subject to social, legal, religious, or criminal sanctions.Īlthough people in many cultures believe that deception can be detected by observing nonverbal behaviors (e.g. Lies may serve a variety of instrumental, interpersonal, or psychological functions for the individuals who use them. A person who communicates a lie may be termed a liar. The practice of communicating lies is called lying. A lie is an assertion that is believed to be false, typically used with the purpose of deceiving someone.
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